Recommendations for Usage of Materials in Process Liquids


Alkaline
Solutions
Process Solution
GL
QS
S3
SS
TI
SA
L
Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)) - - X O + + -
  
 Potassium hydroxide, with water (KOH) - - X O + + -
Sodium hydroxide, with water (NaOH) - - X O + + -
Inorganic Acids
 Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) - - - - - - +
        
 Aqua Regia (3HCI + HNO3)) X + - - O - O
Mixed Acid (HNO3/H4SO4/H2O) X + - - - O O
Oleum (concentrated sulphuric acid) X + - - - - -
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) O - O - - O +
Nitric acid (HNO3) X + O - + O X
Hydrochlorid acid (HCI); <10% X + - - - - +
Hydrochlorid acid (HCI); >10% X + - - - - X
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) X + - - - O X
Organic Acids
 Formic acid (HCOOH) X + - - - O X
      
 Benzoic Acid (C6H5COOH) X + X - + + +
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) X + - - X + +/O
Lactic acid (CH3CHO • COOH) X + O - X + O
Oxalic acid (C2O4H2 • 2H2O) X + - - - - O
Tartaric acid (C4H6O6) X + O - X O +
Citric acid (C3H4 (OH) (COOH)3 • H2O) X + X - O + +
Water
 Tap-water X + X O + + +
 
 Seawater X + - - + O +
Distilled water, deionized (H2O) X + O - + + +
Rinsing water, contamin+ with alkaline (halogen-free) O O X - X + O
Rinsing water, contamin+ with acids (fluoride-free) + + O - O O +
Rinsing water, contaminated with fluoride O O - - - O +
Degreasing Solutions
 Degreasing Acid (fluoride-free) X + - - - - -
Solutions Alkaline (halogen-free) - - X O + + -
Electrolytes
 Lead bath (fluorborate) - - - - - O -
Chromium bath (H2SO4)1) X + - - + O X
Chromium bath (mixed acids, cont. fluoride) O O - - - - +
Iron bath (FeCI2 • 4 H2O)1) X + - - O + -
Iron bath (FeSO4 or Fe(BF2))1) O O - - - O +
Gold bath, cyanide1) O O X - O + O
Gold bath, acid X + - - - X -
Copper bath, cyanide1)
 O O X - O + -
Copper bath, acid X + - - - - -
Brass bath, cyanide1) O O X - O + -
Nickel bath (fluorborate)1) - - - - - O .
Nickel bath (nickel-chloride / nickel-sulphate)1)
 X + - - O - .
Platinum bath / Palladium, acid X + - - - X X
Rhodium bath (H2SO4) X + - - - X X
Silver bath, cyanide1) O O X - O + .
Zinc bath, alkaline, cyanide1) O O X - O + .
Zinc bath, acid X + - - - - +
Tin bath, alkaline1) - - X - O + .
Tin bath (fluorborate) - - - - - - +
Tin bath (H2SO4) X + - - - - +
Auto-catalytic
Electrolytes
 Auto-catalytic Copper bath (without current), alkaline1) - - + - O X O
Electrolytes2) Copper bath (without current), acid X + - - - X X
Nickel bath (without current), alkaline1) - - + - O X X
Nickel bath (without current), acid1) X + + - O + +


Material Legend
GL Technical Glass
QS Quartz
S3 Stainless Steel 316Ti
SS Stainless Steel 304
TI Titanium
SA Special Alloy
L Lead

Symbol keys
X Recommended
+ Very Good
O Moderate
- Not Suitable